My phone is testy about having had all of the photos transferred off of it: without any stored there, it acts as if it forgets how to save them, though it pretends it is taking them. (Some other file must have been moved off by ImageCapture that it wanted.)
The solution from that fabulous resource known as the Internet: restore the camera to its original "factory" settings; then take a new photo; THEN sync your phone with iTunes so that all of your backed-up personal stuff is returned. (Be sure you are photo syncing to a folder containing only photos you want on the phone.) Then all is back to normal.
Yes, this means I had to use a NORMAL camera at Filoli today.